Edgar Brandt - Life and Work

1880

 

Edgar Brandt was born in Paris on 24th December at 46, rue de Bergelais, Paris.

     

1886

 

Family moved to Orléans.

     

1894

 

Enrolled at the Ecole Nationale Professionelle de Vierzon, a technical, craft-orientated school, only every 5th applicant is accepted.

     

1898

 

Left with Diploma on 31st July (Brevet Technicien Supérieur).
Two years‘ military service with the 153rd Infantry in Nancy.

     
1901  

Opening of the first small workshop at 76, rue Michel-Ange, where he already took on some employees.

     
1903  

Took part for the first time in the Salon des Artistes Décorateurs.
In the early years Brandt mainly produced jewellery and silver-smith’s work.

     
1904  

Married Renée Largaud (1883-1963) on 16th June.
Exhibited a mahogany dining room at the Salon d’Automne.

     
1905  

Birth of daughter Jane.
Purchase of premises for a studio at 101, Boulevard Murat.

     
1907  

Birth of daughter Andrée.

     
1908  

Awarded gold medal 1st class, at the Salon des Artistes Francais. Became member of the vetting team of the organisation.
Brandt was one of the first to utilise and master the possibilities of autogenous welding on a large scale, ten years before this technique was taught in colleges.

     
1913  

Work for the large town theatre and the Bank Paul in Nancy.

     
1914   Constructed banisters for the staircase at the Mollien Wing at the Louvre.
Brandt was ordered to go to Toul near Nancy for military service. There it became apparent to him that the French Infantry had no light versatile weapon with a long target-range. At the end of the year he returned to Paris with the order to design and make a 60mm mortar and the relevant ammunition.
     
1915  

Presentation of his fist mortar activated by air pressure on three legs with a high precision range of 360 metres. During the war years Brandt supplied the French State with this and other weapons designed by himself.

     
1919  

Sohn Francois wird geboren.
Der Architekt Henri Favier baut für Brandt am Boulevard Murat das Firmengebäude im Renaissancestil und erhält dafür den 1. Preis im Architekturwettbewerb der Stadt Paris. Das Gebäude wirkt durch seine Ausstattung wie ein dauerhafter Ausstellungspavillon für Schmiedekunst.

     
1919  

Birth of son Francois.
The architect Henri Favier built a new firm in the Renaissance style for Edgar Brandt at the Boulevard Murat, for which he received the first prize in the City of Paris Architects‘ Competition. Because of its interior fittins, the building can be perceived as a permanent exhibition pavilion for wrought-iron work.
Took part in the Salon des Artistes Décorateurs and the Salon d‘Automne. From then on Brandt again exhibited regularly in both Salons. The workshop was equipped with the latest machinery – lathes, drill benches, punching machines, compressed air hammers, autogenous and arc-welding equipment. But above all, the principle of division of labour that he derived from the car industry for the production of luxury works of art was an innovative approach. In separate workshops, parts were made, assembled and finally surface-treated and finished.

     
1920  

Production of stair-case railings and balustrade grilles for the ocean steamer Paris.
Step-by-step perfection of the workshop in all technical, artistic, logistic and economic aspects, so that in the mid-‘twenties in France he was virtually without competitors; two competent business executives played a great role in this success: Henri Favier as Artistic Manager and Eugène Grisard as Head of Finance.
Inauguration of a War Memorial in Verdun, incorporating a gate by Brandt.

     
1921  

Sales prices: Lamp Minister approx. FF 650,-. Door with vine motif approx. FF 7.600,-. The monthly income of a well-paid craftsman was approx. FF 1.500,-. As can be seen from the price examples, objects signed E. BRANDT were predominantly luxury goods made by hand. As all wrought iron pieces were made individually and according to the requirements of the client, they can justifiably be called unique. Even the same pieces display differences in execution. Amongst the highly qualified employees were to be found the best graduates of the School for Applied Arts, Ecole Boulle, as well as specially trained smiths from Hungary.
Awarded title of Knight of the Legion of Honour.

     
1922  

Sales price: Door panel The Storks FF 40.000,-.
Gordon Selfridge, London, ordered grilles with the design of The Storks for the lifts in his department store. These were made of steel sheet and wrought iron, bronzed and mounted on plywood to save on costs.

     
1923  

Awarded the Medal of Honour for Applied Art by the Société des Artistes Francais.
Order for the delivery of stair-case railings, balcony grilles and domed roof for the department store Au Bon Marché in Paris and Algiers.
Production of the metal surround for the eternal flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior under the Arc de Triomphe.
Sales price: Entrance portal The Golden Age FF 120.000,-.

     
1924  

Orders for wrought-iron work for the Court and Ministry of Trade in Montreal.
Sales prices: Radiator grille Pinecones approx. FF 2.100,-. Screen Oasis FF 84.000,-
Delivery of 50 tonnes of wrought-iron work to the Silk Manufacturers Cheney Brothers in New York, including doors, mirrors, display cabinets, window frames and external cladding. The firm’s management was so enthusiastic about Brandt’s designs that it adapted a number of motifs for their spring silk collection in 1925.

     
1925  

Opening of the Gallery Edgar Brandt at 27, Boulevard Malesherbes and of a second work-shop at 25, rue de Hameau.
In the gallery, the entire spectrum of Art Déco could be seen. There were works on show in special exhibitions as well as those on permanent display by artists such as Bastard (ivory and mother-of-pearl work), Bernard, Blondat, Despiau, Pompon, Sandoz (sculpture), Chabert-Dupont (lace), Daum, Décorchement, Lalique, Luce (glass), Decoeur, Heiligenstein, Sèvres (ceramics), DIM, Jallot, Leleu, Ruhlmann, Sue & Mare, Jourdain (furniture), Dunand (metal and lacquer work), Jaulmes, de Warouier (paintings), Jensen, Puiforcat (silver), Kieffer (book-binding) and da Silva Bruhns (carpets).
Opening of offices in London and New York under the name Ferrobrandt.
Sales prices: Table lamp Cobra approx. FF 700,-/800,-, fire-screen Dancer FF 3.700,-, console Acanthus approx. FF 4.500,-, doors Cockades FF 11.500,-.
Paul Poiret opened his Fashion House – entrance door and staircase railings by Brandt.
In April the Exposition des Arts décoratifs et Industriels modernes began, where Edgar Brandt was able to display the entire spectrum of his work. He designed the main entrance portal – the Porte d’Honneur and his own octagonal stand, which were both greatly admired. In addition, he provided different types of wrought-iron work for the pavilions of Ruhlmann, Studium Louvre, Sèvres Porcelain, Monaco and Max furs as well as for the French Embassy and the newspapers L’Intransigeant and L’Illustration.
It was only because of his permanent presence at the Exposition that Brandt received international acclaim.

     
1926  

Official founding of the Societé des Etablissements Brandt on 9th April. From this point on there was a clear distincion between the production of works of art and the manufacture of arms. The latter received his renewed attention.
Awarded the title of Officer of the Legion of Honour.

     
1927  

The Artistic Director Henri Favier and one of the best young designers, Gilbert Poillerat, left the firm.
On the occasion of the annual exhibition of the Artistes animaliers, a small group of animal sculptors, Brandt also exhibited small objects in the gallery such as paperweights, book-ends and ashtrays with animal designs.
Unveiling of another War Memorial by Brandt near Compiègne.
Eugène Grisard was replaced by Brandt’s son-in-law Pierre Renaud as Head of Finance, but was still employed until 1934.
Signing of a contract with the State for the production of a 81mm mortar developed by Brandt, which was exported to 52 countries up until 1939.
Ferrobrandt in New York closed.

     
1928  

Production of wrought-iron work for St. John the Baptist’s Church in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
Edgar Brandt followed the change in taste and created geometric forms using modern metals like aluminium and chromed steel.

     
1930  

Manufacture of two entrance doors for the Colonial Museum in Paris with elephant motifs after designs by the painter Paul Jouve, later shown at the Salon d’Automne.

     
1932  

After four years of planning and construction the firm moved to new premises in Châtillon-sous-Bagneux, near Paris. Some 1000 people were employed there and there were 2000 machines. Specifically the manufacture of arms was organized following modern production methods, using conveyor belts and teamwork. The administration buildings were modern and spacious and were fitted with expensive furnishings of the highest quality, designed by Brandt himself.
Wrought-iron work for War Memorial in Turckheim, Alsace.
In collaboration with Georges Bastard Brandt designed place settings and table decorations for the ocean steamer Normandie.
Together with the already established perfect organisation, the new factory in Châtillon made it possible to execute large orders in the shortest time such as the work for the National Theatre in Mexico, worth FF 4.000.000,--, which took only three months.
An advertisement put the value of the capital of the company at FF 15.700.000,--.
Opening of offices at 52, Avenue des Champs-Elysées.
The Gallery Edgar Brandt was closed, as it was no longer profitable.
Wrought-iron decoration for a large cinema on the Chaps-Elysées. Wrought-iron work was still in demand for public and representative buildings.

     
1936  

Take-over of arms manufacture in Châtillon by the Socialist Government.

     
1937  

Entrance door for the Town Hall in Vincennes.

     
1939  

Journey to USA and Canada with his wife and son on the Normandie.

     
1942  

Moved to Switzerland.

     
1955  

Given an order to restore six monumental doors in the Palace of Versailles.

     
1960  

Edgar Brandt died in Geneva after a long illness.

     
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